EXPERIENCE > SCIENCE TOOLS > DEALING WITH EMERGENCIES
Earthquakes have been a fact of life in the Pacific Northwest for millions of years. Much of this region was formed by massive volcanic activity, which is created by the same mechanisms beneath the Earth’s surface which produce earthquakes and the large, destructive inundations called tsunami (pronounced SU-nah-mee). These mechanisms include the movement of tectonic plates and a major subduction zone which exists off the Oregon coast. You can learn more about these powerful natural forces by reading the article When Continents Collide, but here we’ll familiarize you with being prepared for these natural disasters.
Earthquakes have been a fact of life in the Pacific Northwest for millions of years. Much of this region was formed by massive volcanic activity, which is created by the same mechanisms beneath the Earth’s surface which produce earthquakes and the large, destructive inundations called tsunami (pronounced SU-nah-mee). These mechanisms include the movement of tectonic plates and a major subduction zone which exists off the Oregon coast. You can learn more about these powerful natural forces by reading the article When Continents Collide, but here we’ll familiarize you with being prepared for these natural disasters.
What happens during an earthquake?
Sometimes the first thing people notice when experiencing an earthquake is a low rumbling noise which becomes increasingly louder, similar to an approaching freight train. Within a few seconds, it may feel like the ground beneath your feet is rolling. This sensation will increase in intensity. In many cases, a person will find it impossible to walk because they cannot maintain their balance while the quake is in progress. In other cases, the movement of the earth may be instantaneous and immediately violent with no warning whatsoever. Whichever’s the case, the best thing to do is drop to the ground (before the quake knocks you down and hurts you) and take cover. Many people are hurt and killed by falling objects during a quake, so crawling under a sturdy desk or table, or curling into a ball and covering your head and face with your arms, is your first course of action. Stay away from windows or glass doors which may break during the quake. If you’re outside, try to move away from buildings, power lines or other tall objects which may fall during the quake.
What happens during a tsunami?
Tsunami is a Japanese word meaning “harbor wave” because this natural phenomenon can have a massive, destructive effect on confined spaces like harbors. A series of successive waves as high as 100 feet (161 km) can smash apart boats, wash away buildings and roar inland for miles. Tsunami can occur anywhere there is a coastline, even in areas which may be thousands of miles from the waves’ origin point. In the Pacific Ocean, a sophisticated earthquake and tsunami detection system allows authorities to issue warnings quickly, often giving people time to evacuate low-lying areas on multiple continents. But you shouldn’t rely on a public announcement to keep you safe from tsunami as there are physical signs you can recognize if an inundation is imminent. If you’re at the beach and experience an earthquake, assume that a tsunami will follow in a matter of minutes. As soon as the ground stops rocking and you can move, relocate to the highest ground possible and stay there. Experts usually suggest doing this on foot, as streets may be clogged with traffic or damaged by the quake and you could find yourself trapped in your car. Sometimes, the quake or landslide which triggers the tsunami cannot be felt on land. In these cases, the most obvious signs of tsunami would be the sudden receding of the ocean water or the onset of massive waves. Many people have been killed by tsunami because when they see these phenomenon they wander closer to the water to watch. Instead, move inland and upwards as quickly as possible.
Disaster preparedness resources:
There are numerous websites by both governmental and private organizations which can help you and your family prepare for a natural disaster like earthquakes and tsunami. Remember, education and preparedness will greatly increase your chances of surviving one of these events. Whether at school or at home, have a safety and communication plan, practice your safety skills and have emergency supplies at the ready.
National Resources
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – Being Prepared For An Earthquake
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – Tsunamis
Federal Emergency Management Agency – Earthquakes
Federal Emergency Management Agency – Tsunami
CWarn – Tsunami Early Warning System
NOAA – Pacific Tsunami Warning Center
Oregon Resources
State of Oregon – Earthquakes And Other Natural Disasters In The Pacific Northwest
Portland Bureau of Emergency Management – Earthquakes
National Resources
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – Being Prepared For An Earthquake
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – Tsunamis
Federal Emergency Management Agency – Earthquakes
Federal Emergency Management Agency – Tsunami
CWarn – Tsunami Early Warning System
NOAA – Pacific Tsunami Warning Center
Oregon Resources
State of Oregon – Earthquakes And Other Natural Disasters In The Pacific Northwest
Portland Bureau of Emergency Management – Earthquakes